One of the most important forest trees in the south of Kerman, which plays an important role in the region's ecosystem and beekeeping industry and is infected by wood-eating beetles, is Prosopis cineraria. These trees are an important habitat for various animals and refreshing the hot air of the south. In the sampling conducted during 1401-1400 from the mesquite forests of southern Kerman (Ghaleganj, Faryab, Anbarabad), the wood-eating beetle Xylopertha reflexicauda (Bostrichidae) was collected for the first time from Prosopis cineraria trees and is identified. The species of wood-eating beetle was identified by reliable scientific sources and was finally confirmed by Mr. Dr. Len Yu Liu. This species was first identified and described by Lesne in 1937. Due to the lack of water and recent droughts and the weakness of Iranian mesquite trees, the larvae of this beetle are active inside the trunk and bark of mesquite trees and feed on the wood and bark of tree trunks and cause great damage to Prosopis cineraria trees.

Coronvirus desies and its consequences have caused concern among various segments of society. In particular, the change in teaching methods from online to face-to-face training and the damage caused by this process in some cases has made this educational process difficult. Thus, identifying students' concerns and understanding the predictions of anxiety in the reopening of educational institutions will allow us to address the roots of this factor after the Corona epidemic and the reopening of schools.. This research is a qualitative research and content analysis and its statistical population is high school students in Tehran at the time of reopening of schools after the Corona epidemic. From this statistical population, 40 male and female subjects who met the research criteria were selected. After interviewing the subjects and analyzing them, sub-themes and main themes have been identified and classified.

Art-Nouveau movement, as one of the avant-garde movements of the late 19th century in European art and architecture, had a definite impact on the formation of the architecture of the 20th century and the architecture of the modern era. The expansion and diversity of this movement is a characteristic which differentiate it from other artistic movements of the contemporary period. Most critics of art and architecture historians in the West, share the view that the beginning of modern art has its roots in the developments of the late 19th and early 20th century which is called the Art-Nouveau movement. In fact, it should be remembered that Art-Nouveau is not a style, but has a wide range of meanings and is generally applied to all the avant-garde in Europe in late 19th century and early 20th century. The aim of this movement was presenting independent and unprecedented art works which shared “novelty” in common. This school, besides believing in the commencement of a new era and letting the artists free from the past limitations, has brought various and different methods and inclinations in architecture.The observation of some of the contemporary architectural works in Iran (especially in Tehran), which have evidently been under the influence of some of the stylistic tendencies of this movement, shows the vast entry of this western artistic movement into the contemporary Iranian architecture in a special period. Diversities, similarities and differences of these stylistic tendencies are to an extent that makes a comparative study on this period of stylistic tendencies, with the aim of separating and recognising these styles in the contemporary history of architecture of Iran, inevitable. This article tries to come close to a new stylistics of this western architectural movement in contemporary Iran with the help of a comparative analysis of the Art-Nouveau architectural tendencies in the west and a logical comparison of them in Iran. Also in the pursuit of this objective, this article will probe the possibility of classification of these styles in the contemporary architecture of Iran in a definite time period. In order to gain the objectives of this article, we will at first study and criticise the opinions of the critics in recognition of the style and stylistic specifications of Art-Nouveau movement in the backdrop of its formation and then we will classify these styles in the contemporary architecture of Iran by reviewing the examples of architecture influenced by this movement in Iran and by considering the works which have been done in this field. At the end, this article will show that despite stylistic diversity in the architecture of the first Pahlavi era in contemporary Iran, all this architecture is a stylistic sub-category of Art-Nouveau movement. In field of typology of contemporary architecture of Iran, so important attempts have been taken place and all of them are appropriate for scientific appreciate. But regard to architectural stylistic of Art-Nouveau in Iran, as study of an era base on comparative method, in this paper, is absolutely novel and its results are unique. 

To investigate the effect of weed interference and weed-free periods on Balangu (Lallemantia royleana Benth. in Wall) and to evaluate the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in this oilseed crop, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Naghadeh region in 2018. Experimental consisted of two groups of treatments; weed infestation treatments (infestation for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 and 1451.3 growing degree day (GDD) after transplanting and then plots were remained weed-free the rest of the growing season) and weed-free treatments (weeding for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 and 1451.3 GDD after transplanting and then plots were remained infested until harvesting time). In each block, one weed free and weed infested control was for all the growing season. Results indicated that the density and dry biomass of weeds were increased as weed removal was delayed. In contrast, density and dry biomass of weeds were decreased as weeds establishment was delayed. Height, tetrachenes fruits, ripened achenes, 1000-seed weight and biological, seed and relative yields of Balangu were decreased and increased as the duration of weed-infested and weed-free period increased, respectively. Also, logistic and Gompertz curves fitted to data showed that the beginning and end of the CPWC based on a 10% yield loss of relative yield, was estimated to be from 11 to 108 days after transplanting (97 days weed-free period) in order to prevent a noticeable yield loss.

In the beginning of solar fourteenth century contemporary nationalism global phenomenon could provide a new definition of nationalism despite historical nationalism that had a continuous position in the history and its most important result was the substitution of national and ancient interests for ethnic and religious rituals.Since the most important question in this article is that “how nationalism affects governmental architecture buildings in the first Pahlavi period?”, Thus we’ve tried to verify the effects of nationalism as a political concept on the architecture of this period and explain some features of its architecture. Research method of this article is “Descriptive-Analytical” so that first the written sources related to the subject was collected and data needed were extracted. Then visit the monuments of this period to analyze and explain the features they paid. According to studies, one tactic used by governments to make sense of this term Nationalist (and exploitation of results) the architecture of the ancient doctrine that had two purposes:1-anti Religious                 2-modernismOf the results is that the ancient architectural elements (particularly the Achaemenid and Sassanian) only are used in the appearance of buildings and the use of these elements are also two types: 1–buildings that firmly used elements and ancient symbol like the Shahrbani House, National Bank, schools of FirouzBahram and Anoushirvan and Carpets Company Building 2-The building that inspired and taken from the ancient building there was no direct imitation have shapes and architectural elements of Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanian like State Department building and the Museum of Ancient Iran.

Problem statement: With the rise of the Nazi Party in August 1941, Iran-Germany relations entered a new era. Increasing German influence in Iran through propaganda about the superiority of the Aryan race and the struggle against colonial powers such as Britain and Russia led Iranians to see Germany as their potential supporter and savior. Due to this perception, a large number of specialists and experts in various fields entered Iran to cooperate with the Pahlavi government. Among them, the presence of German architects, engineers, and construction companies is more prominent than any other group and their role in building many state buildings is obvious; buildings that emerged to show the power and glory of the government, influenced by the buildings of the Nazi era with a neoclassical orientation. Research objective: The current research aims to study the neoclassic architecture and extract its indicators and analyze them in the built monuments by German architects in Iran. Therefore, the main research question is based on this point that to what extent the tendency to the Nazi Architecture (neoclassic) has affected the contemporary architecture of Iran? The theoretical framework of the article also emphasizes that with the expansion of relations between the years of Nazi ruling in Germany and the first Pahlavi in Iran, part of the underlying factors for the formation of contemporary Iranian architecture emerged under the influence of Germany. Research method: The current study is qualitative research. Method of interpretive historical research as well as the descriptive-analytical method is used in a mixed way. Conclusion: Research results show that the presence of German expert groups and individuals in Iran had a very significant role in the entry of the Western architectural elements in Iran. Patterns and characteristics have been effective in three functional (plan), physical (form), and symbolic areas in the Iranian architecture, and in the meantime, the influence of the functional components have been more than the other two components. Also, improving the construction methods and using modern materials has been another area of influence of Germans in Iran.

To evaluate the effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking of Notobasis, two separate experiments were conducted at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, in 2017 with three replications. The first experiment included nine physical, mechanical and chemical treatments (control, surface scarification, intense scarification, one and two weeks of chilling at 4°C, soaking into hot water for two hours without scarification , soaking in 25°C distilled water for two hours with scarification  and acid treatment for six and 12 minutes) based on completely randomized designs (CRD). The Second experiment was hormone priming arranged as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with gibberellin concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm) and priming duration (12 and 24 hour) as the treatments. The highest seed germination (40%) obtained from 12 minutes of acid treatment. Results showed that seed germination reached to 100% after priming seeds with GA3 concentrations for 12 hours. However, increase the priming durations to 24 hours, significantly declined seed germination to 47% in 200 and 400 ppm of GA3 concentrations. The Increase of GA3 concentrations in 12 hours led to a linear reduction of T50 from 31 hours in 200 ppm to 19 hours in 1000 ppm). In 24 hours of priming treatment, T50 followed a Gaussian function and the highest T50 (92 hours) was obtained from 600 ppm. It is recommended to immerse the seeds for 12 minutes in sulfuric acid and prime with 400 ppm GA3 acid for 12 hours to break dormancy and increase the vigor index.

Problem statement: Architecture and its relationship to historical, social, cultural, economic, and political factors have been well-established. Recent developments in these fields have visibly impacted architecture. The first Pahlavi period is widely regarded as one of Iran’s most important historical periods, where its tendencies and ideologies were expressed through architectural feats that reflected the political changes occurring at the time, alongside considerable advancements in various fields, making it a period of great significance for analysis and understanding. However, previous research only discusses the influences of independent factors and neglects the power structure’s role and effectiveness levels in shaping architecture during the first Pahlavi period in Iran. Research objective: Therefore, this study aims to investigate the power structure’s network and its influence on the architecture during this time. Specifically, this research seeks to answer two questions: what were the key components that influenced the power structure, and how did they impact the architecture of the first Pahlavi period? Research Method: This qualitative study utilized a descriptive-analytical framework and relied on library sources, documents, and an intensive review of theoretical literature. Conclusion: The findings suggest the power structure effectively influenced the architecture of the first Pahlavi period through the dominance of Reza Shah, the importance of ancient Iran, Western policies, European experts, and the growth of technology. The power structure penetrated both government and personal buildings at different levels, leading to the modernization of Iran’s architecture. These interventions created urban, social, and activity infrastructures at macro, medium, and micro levels. Therefore, the power structure significantly shaped the architecture of the first Pahlavi period in Iran.

To move forward along nation building project, the ideologues and policymakers of the Administration founded their idea on applying radical changes in the old Iranianism and creation of a new Iranianism idea based on modern Iranian model. To fulfill this objective, the administration used ideological organs such as Training and Education Department and educational Materials such as textbooks. This articles aims at studying the focal facets of new Iranianism by using statistically-based quantitative content analysis method. The findings indicated that the focus had been on Persian Language as the national language as well as national traditions and rituals, Iranian art, Iranian literary figures etc., and relating to the ancient Iran has always been the focus of attention, in this line, the most focus is on common letters (literary texts and literary figures) and Persian language seconded it.

In the first half of the first millennium BC, the tribes inhabited in the northwest of Iran formed the Mannaean kingdom. The main reason for the formation of Mannaean government can be said to prevent the continuous attacks of Assyrian kingdom to this area. After the formation of this state, they attempted to build defensive fortifications around main places and to establish castles in mountainous impassable area. Mannaean castles were built most often from big blocks of stones without mortar. The use of semicircle solid towers and small rectangular rooms as a towers are noticeable characteristics in Mannaean tower building. In addition, in this era, the circle shape plans were preferred so that the cities could have more defensive potentials. In this paper, it is tried to explain the characteristic and important elements of military architecture of Mannaean era.